ADIL Chain  Whitepaper 

Ⅱ. Objectives

Why ADIL Chain?

ADIL Chain is a technology and mission-driven organization. We would like to share the core beliefs that drive us forward. Blockchain will fundamentally change the way humans interact with technology we are at the opening chapters of a new epoch of human-machine interaction. Blockchain technology will fundamentally change the way that humans interact with technology. The massive for-profit institutions running centralized technology have hit the limits of their transformative potential but blockchain has only just begun. People will increasingly rely on, and trust, decentralized authority and service providers. Individuals are beginning to question the underlying assumption of trust that underline day-to-day interactions with large centralized service providers. As each day goes by, people are beginning to be more and more comfortable putting their trust in code, decentralized services, and authority. Blockchain is built on these fundamental principles and we expect to see massive adoption in the near future. Unrestricted access to the benefits and value created by technology is a universal right. Blockchain has incredible implications towards equality on a global scale. Decentralization and openness are required for equality. Unrestricted access to our platform, and services on it, will benefit great numbers of people around the world who will, in turn, bring their value to the platform. The future is open, decentralized, and transparent. The future is not without its challenges. But we stand at a fantastic moment in history where the future is not written and we have the opportunity to be the scribe for the next chapter. Blockchain technology promises that the future will be more open, more decentralized, and more transparent. This is a future that ADIL Chain believes in and is building towards.

Problem and Solution  


As blockchain protocols first came into usage, there were a few significant problems. The first of which has been described as the blockchain trilemma [*1]. It has been the common understanding that a blockchain could not achieve security, decentralization, and scalability all at once–that one of those three would have to be sacrificed in pursuit of the other two. Many blockchains have thus sacrificed scalability, settling for low throughput and slow confirmation speeds. ADIL Chain believes that our consensus protocol is the best of the Proof-of-Stake protocols in that we have resolved the trilemma. The Proof-of-Stake protocol–described in part II of this document–permits an open, permissionless network to achieve over 2,000 transactions per second and one-second confirmation time. As a public permissionless blockchain, our consensus mechanism allows any token holder to become a proposer or a voter and contribute to the security and decentralization of the chain.

[*1] Blockchain Trilemma

Permissionless

As stated above, blockchains can be permissioned or permissionless. That said, ADIL Chain believes strongly that permissionless (open participation for everyone, also known as public) is the best way to maximize the value of the blockchain technology. Another way to look at a blockchain is as an innovative, technology-enabled socioeconomic system. Thus we believe that a permissionless system is the only way to achieve the true benefits of a blockchain. No gatekeeper should be responsible for vetting whether or not individuals should have access to services, benefits, and financial tools enabled by technological progress. In addition, it is easy to reason, as a platform for the transfer of value, that open access is a fundamental tenet to ensure a healthy growth cycle. This system is better protected through a higher level of decentralization. By deploying a permissionless blockchain network, the level of decentralization increases thereby improving the overall security of the network.

Ethereum Virtual Machine Compatibility

ADIL Chain is made to be fully EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) compatible. This means that any application, smart contract, or tool built on Ethereum can operate on ADIL Chain. Developers can easily migrate their decentralized apps (DApps) and enjoy an immediate boost in performance, experience, and affordability.

Scalable and Fast Consensus

The ADIL Chain’s blockchain relies on the Proof-of-Stake protocol to drive consensus. Consensus is the process upon which the network agrees on a single canonical and immutable chain of blocks containing user transactions and is the core of any blockchain protocol. The Proof-of-Stake consensus protocol is the most performant, efficient, and simple of its class and has rigorously proven security properties. It is cutting-edge technology that enables our fast and scalable public blockchain. For a detailed explanation of ADIL Chain’s technology.

Ⅲ. Overview

Proof-of-Stake

We have a mechanism for robust committee reconfiguration and proposer switch. What remains is an incentive-compatible Proof-of-Stake (PoS) policy for consensus nodes to be elected. We opt for a simple top-21 voter election scheme that progresses in sessions. Each session lasts 3 hours. In each session, voters submit bids to participate as a consensus node in the next session.
A bid includes the following parameters:

1. stake in the amount
2. public signing key
3. reward address
4. desired gas price
5. proof of knowledge of signing secret key

At the end of a session, all valid bids are collected and sorted by the stake. The top 21 form the new committee for the next session which will take place once the block is finalized. To limit disk growth and network bandwidth, the gas price is set to the ⅔ ascending median of the desired gas price of the committee such that ⅔ of voters would be happy with the set gas price or a higher one.

Proposer Election

For a fully permissionless protocol, we require a fair proposer election policy. We expect any proposer to also function as a voter because a voter’s hardware requirements are a strict subset of the proposers’. To facilitate this, any voter candidate can optionally indicate if they want to be a proposer in their bid. A weighted list of proposers is thus generated from this subset of the committee members. To be a proposer, a consensus node must bid with the following additional fields:

1. public URI
2. public proposing key
3. optional message

For now, proposers are sorted by stake and chosen based on a round-robin policy where in each session a proposer is only allowed to propose a number of blocks proportional to its stake. Thus, every honest well-connected proposer will serve at least once per session. Even a majority consortium of byzantine proposers can only stop liveness or censor transactions for a short duration due to these forced proposer switches. Having at least one well-behaved proposer ensures all valid transactions will be included on the chain eventually.

Rewards and Punishment

This section explains ADIL Chain’s Proof-of-Stake design. At a very high level, we would like a system that achieves the following:
Incentive compatibility: our incentive mechanism should reward honest and high-performance participation. Economically robust to attacks: in the equilibrium state, there is sufficient stake protecting the blockchain, such that the cost of the attack increases proportionally with respect to the economic importance of the currency. Thus honest behavior is ensured through rewards and incentives. Our design incurs a very high cost of attack for any node acting byzantine in an attempt to break consistency. For nodes acting faulty or byzantine in an attempt to break liveness, a smaller penalty is incurred and no rewards are given.

Rewards

ADIL Chain will subsidize transaction fees with block rewards to incentivize participation. Block rewards are distributed from our existing committee reward pool. No new tokens will be minted and ADIL Chain will relinquish control of the reward pool to the protocol. For distribution, the proposer first takes a share of the rewards and the remaining rewards are distributed to voters who voted in proportion to their stake. The proposer's share is scaled by the number of votes collected so as to incentivize the proposer to include votes from the committee beyond the ⅔ needed for notarization. A voter may only claim their share if they have voted. Unclaimed shares return to the reward pool. ADIL Chain uses 1-second block times in order to adhere to EVM standards. We believe that given the current and near-future use cases of blockchain, 1-second block times are sufficient. Voters thus have 1 second to submit their votes to the active proposer in order to collect rewards.

Slashing

Staked-in funds are frozen in a smart contract for 24 hours after the voter’s session is finished during which time if evidence of bad behavior is recorded, some portion of the staked-in funds will be slashed. If cryptographic evidence of a voter’s votes on two conflicting proposals is submitted to the chain while their stake is still frozen, 10% of their frozen funds are sent back to the reward pool with a small portion given to the reporter as a reward. The remaining funds are jailed for 1000000 blocks. Jailed funds are not available for the voter to stake in with again. To prevent nothing-at-stake attacks, online nodes also must reject blocks that do not extend from blocks within the freezing period. Given that unintentionally offline nodes will not automatically bid for the next session, ADIL Chain will not slash for failure to vote. There is still a high opportunity cost for non-voting due to rewards only being given to participating voters. If we determine the threat of a liveness attack exceeds the opportunity cost, we will add in a slashing condition for non-voting.

Ⅳ.Coin

Coin Details

Coin Name:   ADIL
Coin Symbol:  ADIL
Total supply:  1000000000 ADIL
Blockchain name: ADIL Chain

Coin Specs

Consensus algorithm:  Proof of Stake
Block size:  Max. 2 MB
Average block time:  3 Seconds
Transactions per second:  2000TP
Average gas fee:  <＄0.00003
Mine-able:  No
Stake-able:  Yes
Masternode Support:  Yes

Token Distribution

Token Release Schedule